Photographic shutter.



No. 32x/,51s. PATBNTED JULY 31, 1906.

G. METZ. PHOTUGRAPHIG SHUTTBR.

APPLIUATION FILED DEU. 2251905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

yNo. 827,513. PATENT'ED JULY 31, 1906.

G. DIETZ.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTBR.

APPLIOATLON HLBD DB0. 22, 19u53.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

IOv

GUSTAV DITZ, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK.

PHOTOGRAFHCSHUTTER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 3i, 190e.

Application filed December 22, 1905: lSerial No. 292.989.

T all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, GUsfrAv DIETZ, a citizen of the United States, residing in Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Photographic Shutters, of which the following is a specification. This invention relates to an improved photographic shutter which is intended for. allaround use on high-class lenses with small separation, said shutter being adapted to permit the making of fast and slow instantaneous exposures and bulb and time exosures, all the operating .mechanism being ocatedon the outside of the shutter, so as to be readily accessible for setting them for the dierent exposures and permit their convement-control and adjustment; and forthis purpose the invention consists of a photographic shutter which'comprises a driving mechanism which is set to tension by a handcrank, an escapement mechanism for the shutter, an air-check for use in making fastp exposures, a suction-piston and means for' making slow instantaneous'exposures, andl means for locking' the escapement-lever forv long-time exposures. v 5

The .invention consists, further,in certain detailsof construction ofthe dilferent mechanisms referred to, which will be fully. -described hereinafter and finally pointed out in j theclaims.

in the accompanying drawings-Figure 1.

represents a front elevation of my improved photographic shutter.. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section taken on line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail horizontal section on line 3 3, Fig. .1. vrFig. 4 is a detail vertical transverse section through the shutter-operating.ringon bulb exposures.

line 4- 4, Fig. 9.- Fig. 5 shows in perspective the individual parts for making long-time Figs. 6 and 7 are rear elevations of the driving mechanism of thel shutter, shown, respectively, beforeand vafter .ac-

Similar letters :offre erence indicatel corre'- l s onding parts'in'the'diferentiigures of' the f awings'. f

' Referring tothe ldrawings. f represents the ring-shaped 'case of4 a so-,oalled between- 'tion for properly working the shutter. A stationary ring-frame r is provided with lens shutter. On a stationary ring-frame 1" of the case is guided a driving-ring 7". This ring is driven by a driving mechanismwhich is arranged at one side of the case f and which consists of an interior steel axle a, which carries at its inner end a bevel gear-wheel a', the projecting end of the axle a turning in journalbearings of a bracket u?, attached to the ringshaped `casey". The steel axle a is supported in a brass tube a?, which is open at the inner end and which is supported atits opposite end in journal-bearings of a bracket a. To the outer end of the brass tube a? a handcrank vfr" is firmly attached by a screw a6. The brass tube carries adjacent to the bracket ai* an ordinary, gear-wheel a7, which is en- Vgaged by a pawl as, pivoted to the ringshaped case of the shutter, so as to act in the nature of a ratchet-wheel, said pawl (18carryling a handle a for permitting the lifting of t e pawl out of the teeth of the ratchetwheel or lowering it into engagement with the same. y The hand-crank a5 and the ratchet-'Wheel a7 can be turned in either direction. Around the brass tube 0,3 is arranged a vthe movement ofthe shutter-driving ring.

As soon as the spring t is set to'toi'sioiial tension the pawla8 is' 'dropped into the teeth of the ratchet-wheel c7, so that thereby the pawl-and-ratchet .mechanism and the brass tube r1.3 are locked in position andthe full tension of the spring exerted on'the .bevel gearwheel and theparts driven.thereby as' soon as this action is re uired.` The bevel gearhelical spring. b, which is attached at one end to the bevel gear-wheel a/ and at its opposite" wheel a. is placed iIi-meshvwitli the vdriving- -ring r, which is guided around ,thestationar ring-trainer', Ito vvl'iijch the lenses are. applie .The movable driving-ring 1' is provided for a ,.j certain distance f it's circumference withv eir Aop,'eTirpKsition d in :theirfsecondl shows ainfodi7V teiai'ih that arejin 'mesh with the bevel gearwheel'c, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the toothed portion being of sufficient length so as to pere the recpxiired shifting motion to be imparted -to t e driving-ring 1' in either direc-i The four steel pivots r3, to which the iiies d of the shutter, of which four are arranged, are aproo IIO

plied, so that they turn on the saine. The driving-ring r has four steel pins ri, which engage slots r, arranged in the iies so as to operate the same. The steel pivots are evenly spaced around the opening in. the shutter-case, so that the ilies can turn thereon.

in either direction lor the opening)r and closing movement` The flies d arepreierably made of thin plates of Celluloid,v which are increased in thiclzness at te parts around the pivots r3 and slots ri* and cemented to` brass bushings fr. for turning around their pivots r3, as shown clearly in "Figs 4, 8, and 9, said thickened or reinforcediparts giving` 'the flies the required strength for resisting the strain to which they are subjected in starting and stopping.

The escape/ment. mechcmfism.--'.l`lie drivingring 1'v is engaged or released. by moans of' an escapement' mechanism which omisists of two elimini-levers e e, which both pivoted to a i'nlerum-pin e'qu on the upper part ol' the ring'- shaped case f, the elbow-hiver e boing ot l:iter lengththa-n the elbow-lever e@ The io kser armot' theelbow Llever e is oonneoted hy a pivot-link e' with the end' oi a 'piston e5, that is guided in a statiomiriV cylinder e, which is attaohed to the 'ring-shaped f The lower end of; the ejvlnider e is provided with a nipple e?, to whieha rubber .hose .la is applied, the oppositeI end oi the rubher hose being connected. to the usual airbulh, bvwhich the piston e5 is moved in uprrd or downward direction, :mooi-cling as bulh is-eompressed or relamfd., The elhow-lever eis provided apprm:imatoly midway of its length with a 'pin if", which extends through a slot in the ring-shaped easef and engages one oi" two recesses 1'7 in thedriviinijring?T r. As soon asthe bulb is 'onipressed the action of the air movesihe piston and elbow-lever c in upward direction, so that the pin e is moved Clear of the recess P7, permitting thereby under the influence ofi the driving mechanism the driving-ring r to move around the stationaryT guide-frame 7" of the case f and produce the movement of the lilies connected therewith. As soon as the movement of the lies is completed the pin e3 b v theweight of the elbow-lever e andA the suction on the piston er drops into the second recess 1 of the driving-ring r, so as to lock the same for permitting the setting of the driving` mechanism to tension 'for the next exposure.

-The smaller elbow-lever e is provided with a pin e* at the end of one arm, said pin moving I in a guide-slot e" of the rms-shaped shuttercase f. The upper arm oi: the elbow-lever e is provided with a projertingl handle all. The shorter arm oit the elbow-lever e is located back oi' the shorter arm ol' the elbow-lever e and provided with two depressions e, which are engagedb)v a tain-.iing point of the handle '10, so as to permit the set-ting of the elbow--lever e into raised position, as shown in Jfull esteis lirios in Fig. l, or into lowered position, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. l, so as to engage a single tooth r on the driving-ring r when the ilies have made half a movement and arrest the same vFor holding the [lies open until the elbow-lever e is released irom the stop-tooth on the driving-ringr and permits the flies to make the remaining movement when time exposure is required. l lfihen the elbowlever e. is retained in its'uppcr position, it is out of operation and permits the flies to be moved for instantaneous exposures. Adjacent to the lower end of the elbow-lever is arranged a lever t, which is `iulorumed to the ring-shaped shutter-casef and which is limited in its movement b v two '[ixod 'pins t on the case f. To the lever t an elbow-lever t is fulcrumed above the `hilorum of the elbow-lever t. One arm of the elbow-lever t serves as a handle Vfor placing the other arm of the elbow-lever' t by means oi" a lug i into engagement with the recessed end of' the longer arm of the elbow-levert, so as to positivelyY look the same in the position shown in Fig. 9 whenever a long-time exposure is to be made. This is accomplished by moving the lever from its position in contact with one sto p-pin t into oontaet with. the other stop-pin t, whereby the lug` t3 is made to engage the recessed end of the lever e. B v a slight prossuro on the outer ond of the handle of the elbow-lever t/ thelug-shaped end t" ol' the same is withdrawn from the recess in the elbow-lever e when. the time exposure is to be terminated, the elbfiiw-levers e e being then released and permitted. to return by gravity iio their normal position, (shown in Fig. 1.,) while the. flies complete their closing movement. v

The. airchecc.-Tlie driving-ring v' is provided at its lower part with a pin p, which projects iorward through an arc-shaped slot f in the shutter-case f andwhich serves, in

conneo tion with a pneumatic cheek m, that is arranged on the case, to permit the gradual stopping` of the driving-ring fr4 when highspeed instantaneous exposures are made, so as to diminish the force of the coneussions-ot the parts due to sudden stops. The pneumatic check m is made in any well-known construction andconsists, Vfor instance, of a stationar)T cylinder wr, provided with a small air-escape hole m, a piston m3 in said cylinder, and a head m4 at the outer end of the piston, against which the pin p strikes, The sudden compression of the air in the cylinder, which is due to the slow escape o'l the same through the small hole in the cylii1 ilei,'pioduces an air-cushion for the gradual stopping or' the pin 7) and ring r. The pin p is made long enough so as to be used as a handle for resetting the shutter after having made an experimental exposure and winding up thereby the motor-spring without turning the handerank and Without changing the tension of IOO IIO

sentie the spring. For very slow instantaneous exosures a stationary cylinder n is arranged in orizontal position on the shutter-case ln this 'cylinder is guided a piston a', W ch is applied by a perforation 1n the outer end of its piston-rod n2 to a second pin p2 on the driving-ring r, so as to permit the retardation of the ring speed. The piston-rod n2 may be detached `by its handle n3 from the pin p2 when the action of the piston is not required.

"By the horizontal cylindern the motion of the piston is retarded by suction, While in the opposite direction it is retarded by the compression of the air and slow escape ,of the same through a small air-hole n4 in the end of the c linder n.

in ig. 1l is shown a'slightly-modiiied conn struction ofthe iies, which is used to advantage when speeds of not more than one fourhundredth of a second are desired, as in this case -the rounding oil" of the corners of the flies admitsone-th'ird more light during the time of ex yosure. f

it may e desired to cover up some of the operating parts, so as to protect them against dust. In this case they may be placed at the rear of the ring-shaped frame instead of at the liront ofthe same, or a dust-proof cover ma be used for the operating parts.

'lhe operation of my improved photographic shutter is as follows: For instantaneous exposures the motor-spring is irst set to ltension-by turning the hand-crank in either direction, after which the pawl is dropped into the ratchet-wheel, so as tohold the motor-spring in a osition of tension. When an exposure is to e made, the bulb is compressed and the elbow-lever e lifted, so that its pin is released trom the driving-ring r, and the motor-spring permitted to act on the same and move it around. the guide-ring of the case f. The power otthe motor-spring is transferred by the bevel gear-wheel and teeth of the driving-ring onto the latter, so that the flies are thereby moved from their primary closed positipn through an instantaneouslyo en one into their secondary closed position, t e exposure beingmade in the extremely short interval of time for which the flies are open. The ordinaryinstantaneous exposures are from one seventy-iith to one tive-hundredth of a second, according to the tension which is imparted to the motor-spring. Still quicker exposures may be obtained by 5 5 increasing the tension of the motor-spring by giving a few additional turns to the handcrank of. the driving mechanism. For slow instantaneous exposures the suction-piston is connected to the pin pZ-andy called into action on the release of the elbow-lever e by the action of the bulb. By ,the retarding action ci the suction mechanism on the driving-ring r slow instantaneous exposure can be made. When bulb exposures are to be made, the elbow -lever e is moved in downward direcgagement with the left-hand depression on the elbow-lever e, as shown in dotted lines in 1. The elbow-lever e engages then, by its pin e8, the single tooth T8 on the circumference of the driving-ring rand arrests the flies and holds them in open position forexposure until the bulb isreleased and the elbow-levers e e returned to normal position by the Withdrawal of the pin e8 from the tooth T8, sov that the driving-rino can complete is movement for closing the ics. Forlong-time exposures the lever t, with the elbow-lever t ,is iushed over into the path of the recessed end of the elbow-lever e. The bulb is then compressed and the elbow-lever e lifted by the action of the bulb and intermediate piston, so that the flies are moved into open position. The elbow-lever tinterlocks then with the recessed end of the elbow-lever, so :that the pin e8 holds' the driving-ring 1^ by engagement with the tooth T8 on the same. This holds the shutter in open position, so as to permit longtime exposure. When it is desired to terminate the long-time exposure, the handle of the lever t/ is depressedv and the latter Withdrawn from the end of the elbow-lever e, so that the driving-ring, with its iiies, completes the closing movement.

The advantages of my improved photographic shutter are, lirst, that the quickest instantaneous exposures can be made down to slow-time exposures, the exposures ranging from one six-hundredth part of a second down to slow-time exposures of one seventy-iifth of a second; secondly, that all ex osures are made by a continuous motion o the iiies in one direction-that is to say,by the movement of the flies from one closed position into the other-the exposure being made during the instantaneous opening marde by thev iiies as they pass from one closed position to the other; thirdly, that Pall theoperating parts IOO are arranged in front of the shutter-case and curate' construction of the shutter permits the reliable functioning of all the parts for a considerable length of time without requiring rep airs.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- .1 V ,I

l.y in a photographic shutter, the combination of a plurality of flies, and a driving mechanism, comprising a driving-ring and a motor-spring connected thereto, and adapted toy be energized to. torsional tension in either direction. i v

2. .ln a photographic shutter, the combination ofa plurality oi flies and a driving mechanism for the same comprising a driving-ring and a helical motor-spring connected thereto, and adapted lto be energized to torsional tension in either direction.

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mechanism for the same, comprising a driving-ring and a helical motor-spring, means ills for imparting torsional tension to the same in either direction, means for holding the motor-sprmg under torsional tension, and means for transmitting the power, stored in thel spring, to the driving-ring.

' 5. n a hotographic shutter, the combination Wit a stationary guide-ring, a driving-ring and flies, of a driving mechanism for the driving-ring, consisting of a motor-spring, a paWl-and-ratchet mechanismlfor holding it under tension, and a bevel gear-Wheel meshing With a toothed portion of the drivingring and connected with the motor-spring for imparting rotary movement to the drivingring. I l

6. In a photographic shutter, the combination, with a stationarT guide-ring, a driving-ring provided with recesses at its circuinference, flies )ivoted tothe guide-ring and connected wit i the driving-ring, and a driving mechanismfof an escapeinent mechanism provided With a locking-pin for the driviiig-ring, said locking-pin being adapted to engage with the recesses on the driving-ring and permit :the movement of the iiies through a full movement'in either direction.

7. In a photographic shutter, the combination, with a stationary guide-ring, a driving-ring guided thei'eon, iies pivoted to the guide-ring and connected with the drivingiing, and a driving mechanism for the driving-ring, of an escapement mechanism consisting of two elbow-levers fulcrumed to the s ame pivot, both provided with pins for enygaging the driving-ring and means for adjusting the elbow-levers one on the other for permitting instantaneous or bulb exposures.

8. In a photographic shutter, the combination of a driving-ring, provided with recesses and a'single tooth at its circumference, and its driving mechanism, of an escapement mechanism composed of two elbow-levers pivoted to the same fulcrum-pin, each elbowlever being provided with a pin, one for engaging the recesses on the driving-ring and the other for engaging the stop-tooth on the same, and 'means for setting the smaller elbow-lever on the larger elbow-lever so as to clear or engage the stop-tooth and permit instantaneous or bulb exposures.

9.v In a photographic shutter, 'the combination, With a driving-ring, its driving mechanisni and the flies operated thereby, lof an escapement mechanism composed of vtwo elbow-levers pivoted to the same fulcruin-pin,`. means for adiusting one of the elbow-levers on the other for setting it for time exposures', and means for locking the other elbow-lever for long-time exposures. f

10. In a photographic shutter, the combi-y nation, with a 'guide-ring, a driving-ring, its driving mechanism and lies operated bythe same, said driving-ring being provided With a projecting pin, of an escapement mechanism for releasing the 'driving-ring, and a pneu- -matic check for arresting the driving-ring and neutralizing the concussions of the parts when making instantaneous exposures.

11. In a photographiclshutte'r, the combination of a case provided with an arc-shaped guide-slot, a driving-ring guided on the same, nies operated by the driving-ring, a driving mechanism for the driving-ring, a pin on the driving-ring projecting through the slot in the case, and a pneumatic check for arresting said pin and neutralizing the concussions of the operating parts When making instantaneous exposures. I

12. In a photographic shutter, the combination, with a driving-ring, a driving mechanism and flies operated thereby, of'an escapement mechanism, and a pneumatic retarding-checkl connected with the drivingring and adapted for making slow instantaneous exposures. v

` 13. In a photographic shutter, the combination, with a driving-ring, its driving mechanism and :flies operated thereby, of apneumatic retarding device, and means for connecting the retarding device with the drivingring or disconnecting it therefrom.

lf-I. In a photographic shutter, the combination of a guide-ring, a driving-ring and driving mechanism for the same, of flies pivoted to the guide-ring and connected with the driving-ring, said flies being reinforced at their pivoted and slotted portions for resisting the strain on the same.

l5. In a photographic shutter, the combination of a stationary guide-ring provided With pivots, a driving-ring provided with pins, and iiies applied to the pivots of the guide-ring and provided With slots for engagement with the pins on the driving-ring, said flies being reinforced at their slotted portions for resisting the strain on the same.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

GUSTAV DIETZ.

Witnesses:

PAUL GOEPEL, HENRY J. SUHRBIER.'

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